Permian
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE: Pangaea heads northwards, climates generally cooler. Shalesheric limestone, clay and sandstone and Red beds of laid down, much mountain building.
TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL LIFE: Reptiles begin to take over from amphibians. Mammal-like reptiles, Lizards and others. Land invertebrates particularly insects such as beetles and bugs, flourish.
PLANT LIFE: Giant club mosses, seed ferns and horsetails, pines and firs appear.
SEA LIFE: Probably one-third to one-half of all marine family's of animals become extinct by the end of this period, the biggest mass extinction ever.
